Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (English: Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi); (2 October 1869-30 January 1948) was a prominent political and spiritual leader of India during the Indian independence movement. Was a pioneer of Satyagraha, a resistance to tyranny through mass civil disobedience, firmly founded after ahimsa or total non-violence, which led to India's independence and inspired a lot of civil rights and freedom movements all over the world. Known Gandhi all over the world in the name of Mahatma Gandhi (Sanskrit: महात्मा Mahatma any 'Great Spirit', an honor which has been applied to him by Rabindranath Tagore, [2] and also in India, on behalf Bapu (Gujarati: બાપુ Babu any "Father"). The officially honoring in India as the Father of the nation; the birthday festival, October 2, there is celebrated Kgandhi Jayanti, a national holiday, and worldwide as the international day of Non-Violence.
The Gandhi using nonviolent civil disobedience when the expatriate lawyer in South Africa, in the period during which the Indian community was fighting for civil rights. After his return to India in 1915, he organized protests by peasants, farmers and workers in urban areas against excessive land tax and discrimination. After assuming leadership of the Indian National Congress in 1921, Gandhi led nationwide campaigns to alleviate poverty and increase women's rights, build religious and national harmony, and put an end to the rejection, and increase economic self-reliance. Above all, it aims to achieve Swaraj or the independence of India from foreign domination. Gandhi also led his followers in the lack of cooperation that Britain protested the imposition of tax on salt in Dandi salt march 1930 movement, which was its distance of 400 kilometers. Demonstrate against Britain later out of India. Gandhi spent several years in jail in both South Africa and India.
The practitioner of ahimsa, I swear to speak the truth, and called for others to do the same. Gandhi lived modestly in a society that lives on self-sufficiency, and wore a shawl and Aldota Indian traditionalists, who Nsjhma manually spinning the Aharca. He was eating a vegetarian eating simple, and the long periods of fasting as a means of both self-purification and social protest.
Gandhi and his family traveled to South Africa in 1893, and housing the state, "Natal", located on the Indian Ocean, a resident in the most important cities, "Durban" known industry sugar, tobacco, coal in the interior highlands and there. Gandhi's work in South Africa, an advocate for the rights of Indians farm workers and the Boers workers in the sugar cane plantations. The workers community in South Africa is divided into different groups: the Muslim traders, "the Arabs," and the Hindu group of users, the Christian Community, and was among the three links of some social groups.
Gandhi did not know much information about the persecution and racial discrimination in South Africa, but with the passage of days on his presence in South Africa; briefed on many facts alarming for the practice of racial discrimination. Where the South African government encouraged ethnic persecution, and worked on the implementation of unfair actions to prevent the migration of more Asians to it, and coercion of residents in South Africa the population to leave them, by imposing heavy taxes on them, and chase them from the police, in addition to looting and destroying shops and property under her sight and hearing eggs government.
Gandhi defended the Indians and vulnerable than other communities, workers, and taken out of poverty option for him, and was trained in first aid to be able to aid the ordinary, and prepared his house for meetings of the companions of our profession and politicians, so he was spent from the savings of his family on the general humanitarian purposes. And led him to abandon his clients rich, his children and his refusal to enter the European schools on the basis of being a lawyer, he pleaded before the Supreme courts.
The contract with the Indian institution for a year which can be extended if desired. The desire to leave South Africa, but a famous incident made him determined to stay to defend the rights of the Indians there. The South African government has announced its intention to pass legislation prohibiting the right of suffrage to Indians. They were weak and the deficit so that they can not defend their rights, and lacked strong leadership. That was it marked the beginning of Gandhi's non-violent struggle, in the face of racist white power. It has enabled him to demonstrate his knowledge of the laws of the illegality of the law of universal suffrage, and was able to win the battle.
Gandhi began his fight for peaceful liberation of thousands of petitions and forwarded to the white power in South Africa. He organized "Indian Congress" in Natal, and founded the newspaper (Indian opinion) Indian Opinion issued in English and three other Indian languages. And work to establish a colony of "Phoenix" farm near the "Durban" in the year 1904. It is a small colony was founded with a few of his friends who shared his ideas of the importance of moving away from the bustle of cities and pollution, and the greed and hatred and hatred of people in cities, withdrew Indians from the main cities, which hit Industrial Business gradual paralysis.
The Gandhi was arrested more than once, but in 1906 after the Transvaal regional government passed a new law called the New Asian law, a law that imposes on those who want Indian men, women and children over the age of eight, accommodation at the Transvaal to re-register itself again and gets a new residence. It is against the law not guilty and liable to imprisonment or deportation. And it went to the extent of racist police forces to storm the homes of Indians for inspection. Triggering demonstrations in Johannesburg, and sympathy with the Chinese and the Indians have joined the movement. I have filled prisons with detainees. Gandhi sent a delegation of representatives of the Indians in South Africa to England and it was suggested three conditions in the area of legal resistance, and considered this task commissioned, and these conditions are:
We must be to those who are ready to resist against the law, if implemented, to renew their commitment to resistance.
It should raise funds to cover the travel expenses of the delegation and his residence in London.
It must be a constant number of delegation
The delegation met with the Minister of the British colonies, where the Transvaal colony of the British crown. It showed the English minister not to publicly satisfaction with the law, while instructed in secret to the Government of the Transvaal province that Britain would give the region autonomy if implemented the law. Police forces arrested Gandhi and other leaders after the application of the law, and was released after a short time, and then arrested again in 1908 and taken to the Johannesburg Castle dressed in prison. The news reached the broad unrest and mass meetings and peaceful marches to India, imposing on the Viceroy Lord "Harpennek" lodge a protest to the South African government for its treatment of Indians shameful.
Gandhi and his group found themselves the target of police batons that worked to break the will of the oppressed through the bones cracking, she went out into the world of loyalty to the truth (Alsatyagraha) as a weapon of change brokered grievances. Bear pain, resist enemies without rancor, and fights opponents without violence. And the continued struggle of Gandhi as such throughout those years. Cut him thousands half until the end, sacrificing work and freedom, they entered the prison, and subjected to starvation and flogging and humiliation, lead, until the authorities felt that reduce the arbitrariness by offering Gandhi settlement between the two sides and approved by, and left after the South Africa heading to India in July 1914 has achieved nonviolence movement led by Gandhi's victory and a decent life, and ensured the dignity of Indians in South Africa and their rights, after twenty years of struggle.
Did not live up calls Gandhi majority Hindu respected Muslim minority rights, and considered some Hindu groups fanatical treason so I decided to get rid of him, already in the January 30, 1948 launched a Hindu fanatic named Nathurm Jutzi three bullets fatally fell to the impact of Mahatma Gandhi quickly at the age of 78 years. [ 3]
0 التعليقات:
إرسال تعليق